Calator in Thailanda 5. Wat Muen Lan / Traveller in Thailand 5. Wat Muen Lan

As I stated in my previous post, there are over 300 Buddhist temples in Chiang Mai, of which we saw…10! A good reason to return one day, isn’t it? Before I start writing about them, there are necessary some explanations about the Northern Thailand temples and the Lan Na style. For more details, see here: http://www.asiaexplorers.com/thailand/northern-thai-temple-architecture.htm

In Thailand, the temples are called “wat” which also means “monastery”. They are always walled, and the main entrance looks (usually) to the East. In Northern Thailand, the temple architecture is influenced by Laos and Myanmar (Burma) but also by Sri Lanka and China. A complex has many structures, with different names and functions:

viharn – used by the public (devotees and visitors) and monks;  you have to take your shoes off when you enter;
chedi/stupa – deposit of relics; if they belong to Buddha himself, the chedi is called phra that and is fenced;
ubosot/bot – used only by the monks; it’s on the left and a little behind the viharn;
ho trai – a kind of library, where Buddhist manuscripts are kept; usualy built on a higher platform to protect it against damp and termites;
ho rakhang – a bell tower; the bell marks the moments of different monks’ activities; sometime it is associated with a gong;
mondop – open-sided square pavilion

Lan Na Kingdom (“Land of a million rice fields”) lasted for 5 centuries (13th-18th) and all the constructions from that period are considered of Lanna style, especially temples but also old houses made of tek wood. At Lanna temples, the walls are low, with eaves closer to the ground. Chedis are square and large and sit on a platform. We may read more on internet, I do not want to prolonged unnecessary this post.

Wat Muen Lan was the first wat which we visited. It is near the Tha Phae Gate. Small, no visitors in that moment. Entrance is free, and so is taking photographs.

The most interesting thing here is the doorway in the form of coiled naga and the sum over the windows at the ho tray, “the library”. ‘Sum’ is a guilded element which represents Buddha’s eyebrows. On the roofs are also decorative elements nike nagas and garudas. Do you remember Garuda, the God half man, half bird from my posts about India?

There is also on the grounds of the complex the little shrine for the house spirits and, in a corner, some little stupas where the monks are “buried”

Dupa cum spuneam in postarea anterioara, in Chiang Mai se afla peste 300 de temple buddhiste. Noi am vazut 10 dintre ele, alese dupa anumite criterii. Dar inainte de a va povesti despre ele sunt necesare cateva explicatii despre templele thailandeze din nord si despre stilul Lan Na. Pentru detalii, puteti citi aici: http://www.asiaexplorers.com/thailand/northern-thai-temple-architecture.htm

Templele din Thailanda se numesc wat (care inseamna si “manastire”) si sunt inconjurate intotdeauna de ziduri, iar intrarea principala este orientata mai ales spre est. Arhitectura templelor din nord este influentata mai ales  de Laos si Myanmar (Burma/Birmania), dar nu lipsesc nici influentele din Sri Lanka sau China. Complexul cuprinde mai multe structuri, cu nume si functii diferite:

viharn – cladirea principala, utilizata de public (credinciosi sau simpli vizitatori) si de calugari; inainte de a intra, trebuie sa te descalti;
chedi (stupa) – constructia care adaposteste relicve; daca ele apartin chiar lui Buddha, chedi se mumeste phra that si este inconjurat de un gard; credinciosii se roaga, inconjurand chedi;
ubosot (bot) – folosit exclusiv de catre calugari; este plasat la stanga si mai in spate fata de viharn si este de marime mai mica;
ho trai – este un fel de biblioteca, unde s epastreaza manuscrisele budhiste; se construieste la inaltime, pe platforme, pentru a fi ferit de umezeala si de termite;
ho rakhang – clopotnita pastreaza clopotul care anunta timpul pentru diverse activitati ale calugarilor; poate fi combinat cu un gong;
mondop – un pavilion patrat, deschis.

Regatul Lan Na (“tara celor 1 milion de campuri de orez”) a dainuit vreme de 5 secole (sec. 13-18) si constructiile ridicate in acea vreme sunt atribuite stilului Lanna, in special templele dar si casele construite, de cele mai multe ori din lemn scump de tek. In Chiang Mai mai multe hoteluri sunt in acest stil. Pe masura ce voi prezenta templele vizitate, voi sublinia elementele specifice. Ca regula generala, templele din nord au peretii viharn-ului mai scunzi, spre deosebire de Thailanda Centrala, unde ei se sprijina pe coloane inalte. Acoperisul coboara mai jos, spre pamant. Chedi este mare, de forma patrata si este asezat pe o platforma. Unele elemente decorative sunt, de asemenea, specifice. Nu vreau sa aglomerez postarea mai mult decat este necesar, gasiti informatii suficiente pe internet daca sunteti interesati.

Wat Muen Lan a fost primul templu thailandez pe care l-am vizitat, fiind situat in apropierea Portii Tha Phae, la intrarea in Orasul Vechi. Templul este unul mic, nu prea vizitat. Ca la majoritatea templelor thailandeze, intrarea este libera, la fel si fotografiatul.

Intrarea in viharn este marcata de o balustrada ondulata , in forma de sarpe, numit naga. Naga iese din gura altui animal mistic, cu trasaturi de crocodil, peste sau elefant. Acoperisurile suprapuse sunt bogat ornamentate cu pan lom, elementul care impiedica caderea tiglelor. Acesta poate avea si forma de naga. Terminatia coamei acoperisului, cho fa, are forma unei garuda stilizate (va amintiti din postarile despre India de Garuda, zeul jumatate om, jumatate pasare?), care “aduna” cozile de naga.

 balustrada in forma de naga
pan lom in forma de naga, la terminatia acoperisului
cho fa in forma de garuda
La ubosot (de obicei inchis) observam rama decorativa de deasupra usii (sum) si elementul care reprezinta sprancenele lui Buddha, kong khieu. Ferestrele cladirii sunt si ele bogat ornamentate.
 ubosot, destinat calugarilor
sum si khong kieu, ornamente in forma de sprancene

Chedi alb este pazit de animalul mistic singha. O pereche de lei singha poate pazi si intrarea in viharn, la alte temple. In Chiang Mai ei sunt de multe ori in stil birmanez. In varful chedi-ului se afla hti, o umbrela  de influenta birmaneza. Asemenea umbrele se pot afla si la cele patru colturi ale platformei.

 in varf, hti
singha

La Wat Muen Lan cel mai interesant mi s-a parut ho trai, biblioteca de manuscrise, cladire in care vizitatorii de asemenea nu au acces. Practic, in templele thailandeze s epoate intra doar in viharn. Aici se poate admira acel sum sub forma de naga incolaciti.

 ho trai, “biblioteca”

Din curtea templului nu lipsesc nici mormintele calugarilor, sub forme diferite de stupe, nici micul altar pentru imbunarea spiritelor locului.


Comments

Calator in Thailanda 5. Wat Muen Lan / Traveller in Thailand 5. Wat Muen Lan — 29 Comments

  1. You are right, Randy. I put it here to show something different but I do not really know its meaning. In those temples there is no single explanation, and where there are, they are in Thai. It could be a sort of guardian – usually those are scary to keep at a distance the bad spirits…

  2. It is easy to get temple-weary in Thailand; there are so many, and each one special, so it’s tempting to temple hop! The statues and carvings are so rich and intricate. With your beautiful photos you’ve whet my appetite to go back…

  3. Liliana, am gasit in Thailanda un loc care merita vizitat! Sunt atat de multe lucruri frumoase si interesante pe care le-am putut vedea, fie si in cele doar 8 zile cat am stat efectiv acolo!

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