Pe Drumul Matasii in Uzbekistan 27. Ansamblul Poi Kalyan

Ansamblul Poi Kalyan este unul dintre cele mai valoroase din Buhara. El este alcatuit din Moscheea Kalyan, Minaretul Kalyan, Madrasa Mir-i-Arab si Madrasa Amir Allimhan.  In acest loc, in perioada pre-islamica existase un templu al adoratorilor focului. Din anul 713 au fost cladite aici diferite cladiri, mistuite de incendii sau mutate in alta parte. Hanul  Arslan  a poruncit construirea unei moschei, in 1127, cu un minaret. Legenda spune ca era atat de frumoasa moscheea incat Genghis Han, dupa ce a cucerit orasul, a crezut ca acesta ar fi palatul hanului. Cand a auzit ca este moschee, a transformat-o mai intai in grajd, apoi a incendiat-o! Doar minaretul a ramas intact.

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 Moscheea Kalyan

Acesta a fost construit de catre arhitectul Bako si are o inaltime de 45.6 m. Asa cum sunt toate minaretele prin partea locului, si Minaretul Kalyan are o baza mai mare (diametru 9 m), ingustandu-se spre varf (6 m). Inspre varf se afla sharafa, cornisa cu stalactite. Numele de minaret provine din arabul “manara“, care inseamna “far”. Initial, minaretele au servit drept turnuri de observatie, iluminate cu torte in timpul noptii. Apoi, de acolo ii chemau muezinii pe credinciosi la rugaciune. In timp insa au devenit simple elemente decorative. La mijlocul acestui minaret se afla inscris numele conducatorului vremii, Hanul Arslan si anul constructiei, 1127.

Soarele il lumina din spate, desenand o corola de lumina din jurul sau.

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minaretul Kalyan, intrarea in Moscheea Kalyan (dreapta) si Madrasa Amir Alimhan (stanga)

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dantelaria ornamentatiei de caramida si faianta, cu numele carmuitorului si anul constructiei

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 cornisa cu stalactite

Madrasa Amir Alimhan a fost construita mai tarziu, in 1654, de catre Hanul Alim, ultimul emir al Buharei. In timpul ocupatiei sovietice, ea a servit drept biblioteca. Nu se viziteaza in interior in cadrul turului.

DSCN1639partea laterala a madrasei

Cea cu adevarat frumoasa este Madrasa Mir-i-Arab (1535/36), a carei constructie a fost finantata de catre Hanul Ubaidullah prin vinderea a 3000 de sclavi persani. Aceasta madrasa a fost dedicata seicului Abdullah al Yemenului, maestrul spiritual al hanului.  Mir-i-Arab s-ar traduce prin “Printul Arabilor”. Si in zilele noastre aici este un mare centru de invatatura islamica. N-am putut intra, sa o vizitam in interior, pentru ca tocmai atunci se desfasura o sedinta importanta. Constructia este simetrica, armonioasa si de o frumusete aparte

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Madrasa Mir-i-Arab (1535/36), vazuta din portalul de est al Moscheii Kalyan

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In Moscheea Kalyan intram prin portalul sau de est. Ceea ce vedem este o reconstructie din 1712. Ubaidullah Han, ctitorul sau, a fost guvernatorul si apoi sultanul Buharei, intr-o vreme cand aceasta din urma rivaliza cu Samarkandul. Ubaidullah a vazut Buhara ca pe o capitala noua a acestei parti a lumii si a dorit sa faca din ea un oras deosebit de frumos.

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portalul de est al Moscheii Kalyan

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Poarta se afla pe acelasi ax cu intrarea propriu-zisa in moschee. Curtea monumentala era inconjurata de cupolele care asigurau “sonorizarea” in moschee.

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mirhabul care indica in moschei directia Meccai

Curtea interioara este un dreptunghi inconjurat de ziduri sprijinite pe 288 de piloni, pe care erau asezate mici cupole. In fata intrarii in moscheea, care putea primi 12000 de oameni in acelasi timp, se afla o mica constructie octogonala. De aici, un al doilea imam repeta rugaciunile spuse de imamul principal din interiorul moscheii.

DSCN1654curtea moscheii, cu Minaretul Kalyan in fundal

DSCN1665splendida armonie a volumelor

IMGP2364Afara, in fata intrarii in moschee, unii incearca sa faca bani, vanzand decoratii sovietice, altii, ne arata frumusetea ceramicii uzbece.

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On the Silk Road in Uzbekistan  27.  Poi Kalyan Ensemble

The Poi Kalyan Ensemble means: the Kalyan Minaret and Kalyan Mosque, the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah and the Amir Aminkhan Madrasah. This is the most valuable ensemble in Bukhara. At the beginning this was the site were a fire-worshippers came to pray in a temple. Then, starting with 713 different building have been erected. Some of them have been moved in time, some were destroyed by fires.

In 1127, the architect Bako constructed the Minaret Kalyan (45.6 m height, 9m lower diameter and 6 m the up diameter).The name “minaret” comes from the Arabic “manara”, which meand “lighthouse”. At the beginning, minarets were mainly watchtowers, illuminated by torches during the night. Then, the muezzins called from here the believers to the daily prayers. At last, they played only a decorative role.

The Kalyan Mosque was reconstructed in 1712. This is what we see today. The founder was Ubaidullah, governor and later sultan of Bukhara. The construction was so beautiful, that Genghis Han, after conquering Bukhara, believed this is the sultan’s residence. When he found out this is a mosque, transformed it into a stable and afterward set it to fire!. TThe huge courtyard is encircled by galleries resting on 288 pillars, which have been covered by domes (for acoustics). In the front of the entrance, in a small ocotogonal building, a second imam repeated the prayers of the first one, who was inside the mosgue. This was because the courtyard was full of people! The mosque has been able to host 12000 visitors at once.

The little Amir Alimkhan Madrasah was erected on 1654 by the last emir of Bukhara. During the Soviet occupation it served as library. This is not visited inside during the tour.

A real nice building is the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah (meaning “Prince of the Arabs”), dedicated to the Sheikh of Yemen Abdullah, who was Udaidullah’s spiritual mentor. Even now this is a famous spiritual and learning center of the Islam.


Comments

Pe Drumul Matasii in Uzbekistan 27. Ansamblul Poi Kalyan — 14 Comments

  1. Hallo Traveling Hawk,

    de vertaler kan ik nu wel gebruiken en ik hoop dat hij ook mijn taltje vertaalt.
    Prachtige foto’s weer en je foto’s worden steeds mooier en helderder 🙂

    For you and all your loved ones, a few very merry Christmas and all the best for 2013. That we are in the new year also may enjoy all the beautiful pictures.

    Greetings, Helma

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